Zero

Zero is the first multi-core world computer. Current blockchains are single-threaded and homogeneous — every validator re-executes every transaction. Zero uses ZK proofs to decouple execution from verification, replacing redundant replication with a heterogeneous architecture.

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Validator classes

Zero has two validator classes:

• Block Validators run on consumer hardware. They verify ZK proofs rather than re-executing transactions, so hardware requirements stay low regardless of network throughput.
• Block Producers are optional higher-performance nodes that execute transactions within zones and generate ZK proofs.

Because verification is decoupled from execution, adding throughput does not increase the work Block Validators need to do. The network scales without raising hardware requirements.

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Scaling approach

Zero targets 2 million transactions per second (TPS) per Zone. Four purpose-built components handle the main bottlenecks:

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Atomicity Zones

Atomicity Zones are to Zero what concurrent processes are to a modern CPU. Each zone is a separate execution environment — smart contracts, trading, payments — that processes transactions and produces ZK proofs. All zones share Zero’s validator set and the same security guarantees. Zones scale independently. Adding a new zone increases total network capacity without degrading the performance of existing zones.

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Timeline

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